Thiabendazole is used as a fungicide in agriculture to protect fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants from mold and fungal diseases, particularly during storage and transport. It is commonly applied post-harvest on citrus fruits, bananas, potatoes, and grapes to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life by inhibiting fungal growth.

In medicine, it serves as an anthelmintic to treat parasitic worm infections, including hookworm, roundworm, and soil-transmitted helminthiases such as strongyloidiasis, in both humans and animals (veterinary use).

Additionally, it is used in certain food industry applications to control fungal growth, with its low toxicity making it suitable for food crops, though residue levels are strictly regulated for consumer safety.