Widely used as a buffering agent in biological and biochemical research, this compound maintains stable pH in solutions, making it essential in cell culture, protein purification, and DNA extraction protocols. It is commonly found in electrophoresis buffers, such as TAE and TBE, used in agarose gel electrophoresis for nucleic acid separation. Its low toxicity and good solubility support its use in pharmaceutical formulations and medical applications, including as a component in some intravenous drugs and in treating metabolic acidosis. Additionally, it serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of surfactants, detergents, and other organic compounds.