Widely used in biological and biochemical research to maintain stable pH levels in experiments. Commonly employed in cell culture, protein electrophoresis (such as SDS-PAGE), and nucleic acid purification due to its effective buffering range near physiological pH. Frequently found in solutions for enzyme activity assays, where pH stability is critical. Also used in pharmaceutical formulations and as a component in some diagnostic reagents. Its low toxicity and minimal interference with biological systems make it suitable for in vitro and some in vivo applications.