Widely used in biological and biochemical research to maintain stable pH levels in experiments. Commonly found in electrophoresis buffers for DNA and protein separation, especially in agarose and polyacrylamide gel systems. Helps preserve enzyme activity and cellular structures during cell lysis and protein extraction. Frequently used in buffer formulations for enzyme assays, cell culture, and nucleic acid purification due to its low metal chelating properties and minimal interference with biochemical reactions. Also applied in pharmaceuticals and diagnostic kits where precise pH control is essential.