Widely used in biological and biochemical research to maintain stable pH levels in experimental systems. Commonly employed in electrophoresis, especially in running buffers for DNA and protein gels. Frequently found in cell lysis buffers, protein purification processes, and enzyme assays due to its compatibility with biological molecules. Also used in pharmaceutical formulations and as a buffering agent in some medical treatments for acid-base imbalances. Its low toxicity and minimal interference with biochemical reactions make it ideal for cell culture and molecular biology applications.