Used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes, preventing clotting by binding calcium ions. Commonly used in diagnostic laboratories for hematology tests such as complete blood count (CBC). Also used in hemodialysis as an anticoagulant to prevent clotting in the extracorporeal circuit. Serves as a buffering agent in pharmaceutical formulations to maintain pH stability. Employed in food and beverage industry as an emulsifier and preservative, particularly in dairy products and soft drinks. Used in medical settings as a urinary alkalizer to treat metabolic acidosis and reduce urine acidity. Additionally, acts as an excipient in some injectable medications to enhance solubility and stability.