Used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes, preventing clotting by binding calcium ions. Commonly used in medical laboratories for blood tests such as ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and coagulation studies. Also serves as a buffering agent in beverages and pharmaceuticals to maintain pH stability. Employed in food processing as an emulsifying agent, especially in cheese products to improve texture and melting properties. Used in dialysis solutions to help regulate acidity. Acts as a urinary alkalizer in some medicinal formulations to treat acidic urine and reduce the risk of kidney stones.