Used primarily in the treatment and prevention of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those with HIV/AIDS. It is also employed as part of combination therapy for tuberculosis, particularly in regions where drug resistance is a concern. Rifabutin is preferred over other rifamycins in HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy due to its lower potential for drug interactions. Additionally, it has been used off-label in the management of chronic inflammatory conditions and certain gastric infections caused by susceptible organisms.