Used in superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities for particle accelerators due to its high purity and ability to form niobium pentoxide, which enhances superconductivity when treated properly. Commonly employed in research facilities and large-scale physics experiments to accelerate charged particles with minimal energy loss. Also utilized in the production of specialty alloys for aerospace and nuclear applications where high temperature stability and corrosion resistance are required. Serves as a raw material for niobium-based compounds in electronics and optical coatings.