Used in steel production to enhance strength and toughness, especially in automotive and construction industries. Added to high-strength low-alloy steels for pipelines and structural components. Key component in superalloys for jet engines and gas turbines due to heat resistance. Employed in electrolytic capacitors for electronic devices because of its stable oxide layer. Utilized in superconducting magnets for MRI machines and particle accelerators when alloyed with tin or titanium. Also found in corrosion-resistant coatings, specialty optics, and biocompatible coatings for medical devices to improve compatibility with the human body.