Used in aerospace and defense industries for alloying with superalloys to enhance strength and resistance to high temperatures. Commonly added to stainless steels and titanium alloys to improve toughness and corrosion resistance. Key component in the production of high-performance capacitors due to its ability to form a stable oxide layer. Employed in 3D printing of specialty metal parts requiring high melting point and durability. Also utilized in research and development of superconducting materials for advanced electronic and magnetic applications.