Widely used as a first-line medication for type 2 diabetes, it helps control blood sugar levels by decreasing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity. It enhances glucose uptake in muscle cells and reduces intestinal absorption of glucose. Due to its effectiveness and low risk of causing hypoglycemia, it is commonly prescribed alone or in combination with other antidiabetic drugs. It is also used off-label in conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to help regulate menstrual cycles and improve ovulation. Research is ongoing into its potential benefits in weight management, aging, and cancer prevention, owing to its influence on cellular energy pathways.