Used primarily as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing agent in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. It helps control certain types of seizures, including partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and is also effective in preventing mood episodes such as mania and depression in bipolar patients. Often prescribed as maintenance therapy to reduce the frequency and severity of mood swings. It works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain, mainly through inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels, which reduces the release of excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate. May be used off-label for conditions such as neuropathic pain and depression, though evidence for these uses is less established.