Used as a systemic insecticide in agriculture, imidacloprid is effective against sucking insects like aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers. It is applied to crops such as cotton, rice, vegetables, and fruits, either as a seed treatment, soil drench, or foliar spray. Due to its high affinity for insect nicotinic receptors, it provides long-lasting protection with low application rates. It is also widely used in veterinary products to control fleas and other pests on pets. Its systemic nature allows it to be absorbed into plant tissues, making all parts of the plant toxic to feeding insects. Common in both commercial farming and home gardening, it plays a key role in integrated pest management programs.

However, imidacloprid should be used with caution, as it can harm beneficial insects such as bees if they are exposed to high concentrations.