Used primarily as an intermediate in organic synthesis, particularly in the preparation of pharmaceuticals and dyes. It serves as a precursor in the reduction of nitro groups to amines, enabling the production of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate, a compound with local anesthetic properties. Commonly employed in teaching laboratories to demonstrate esterification and nucleophilic substitution reactions. Its electron-withdrawing nitro group makes it suitable for use in Michael addition reactions and other conjugate addition processes. Also utilized in the synthesis of liquid crystals and agrochemicals due to its stable aromatic framework and functional group reactivity.