Dimethyl fumarate is used as an active ingredient in medications for treating multiple sclerosis (MS). It helps reduce inflammation and prevent damage to the central nervous system by activating the Nrf2 pathway, which boosts antioxidant production in cells, enhancing nerve cell resistance to oxidative stress.

Additionally, it serves as an antifungal agent in the furniture manufacturing industry, particularly to prevent mold growth on leather products or materials stored in humid environments. However, its use requires caution due to potential skin irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals.