Used primarily in the treatment of depression, particularly in cases where other antidepressants have not been effective. It functions by increasing the levels of norepinephrine in the brain, which helps improve mood and energy. Also prescribed off-label for conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), neuropathic pain, and certain types of chronic pain due to its effect on nerve-related signaling. Sometimes utilized in the management of nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) in children when conventional treatments fail. Its action as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor makes it valuable in modulating pain perception and mood regulation.