Clozapine is primarily used in the treatment of schizophrenia, especially in patients who do not respond to standard antipsychotic medications. It is effective in reducing symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking. Due to its unique mechanism of action on dopamine and serotonin receptors, clozapine helps stabilize mood and mental function where other drugs fail.

It is also associated with a reduced risk of suicidal behavior in schizophrenic patients, making it a critical option for those with a history of suicide attempts. Clozapine is sometimes used off-label in treatment-resistant cases of bipolar disorder and other severe psychiatric conditions.

Because of the risk of serious side effects like agranulocytosis, regular blood monitoring is required during treatment. Despite this, clozapine remains a vital therapeutic option for severely ill patients who have not improved with other antipsychotics.