Used primarily in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a group of blood and bone marrow disorders. It works by inhibiting DNA methylation, which can reactivate tumor suppressor genes silenced in cancer cells. This epigenetic modulation helps restore normal cell function and control abnormal blood cell production. Also investigated for use in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other hematologic malignancies. In research, it serves as a tool to study DNA methylation and cellular differentiation.