Used primarily to treat gout and certain types of kidney stones, this chemical works by reducing uric acid levels in the body. It is also employed in patients undergoing chemotherapy to prevent elevated uric acid levels that can lead to tumor lysis syndrome. By inhibiting xanthine oxidase, it helps prevent the buildup of uric acid crystals in joints and organs, thereby reducing inflammation and long-term tissue damage. Additionally, it has been explored for use in cardiovascular conditions involving oxidative stress due to its antioxidant properties.