Topiramate is primarily used as an antiepileptic medication to treat epilepsy by controlling seizures. It is effective in managing partial-onset seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Additionally, it is prescribed for the prevention of migraines in adults, helping to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine episodes. In some cases, it is also used off-label for conditions such as bipolar disorder, weight management in obesity, and certain types of neuropathic pain. The drug works by modulating neurotransmitter activity and stabilizing electrical signals in the brain, contributing to its therapeutic effects.