Galanthamine hydrobromide is primarily used in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. It works by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, thereby increasing the levels of this neurotransmitter in the brain. This helps improve cognitive function, memory, and daily living activities in patients with Alzheimer's. Additionally, it has been explored for its potential in treating other cognitive disorders and neuropathic pain due to its neuroprotective properties. Its natural origin from Lycoris sp. makes it a subject of interest in herbal and traditional medicine research.