Widely used in sol-gel processes for the production of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) thin films and coatings. These coatings are applied in self-cleaning glass, anti-fogging surfaces, and photocatalytic air and water purification systems due to their ability to break down organic pollutants under UV light. Also employed in the formulation of hybrid organic-inorganic materials for optical and electronic applications. Its solution form allows for easy integration into dip-coating, spin-coating, and spray-coating techniques. Frequently used in research and industrial settings to modify surface properties such as hydrophilicity and corrosion resistance. Additionally, serves as a crosslinking agent in some silicone and coating systems to enhance durability and adhesion.