Used as a precursor in the production of thorium dioxide, which serves in high-temperature ceramics and refractory materials due to its excellent thermal stability. Employed in the manufacturing of gas mantles for portable lanterns, where it provides bright white light when heated. Historically used in medical imaging as a contrast agent, though this application has been discontinued due to radioactivity concerns. Applied in research settings for studying nuclear fuel cycles and radioactive decay processes. Also utilized in the development of certain catalysts and specialty glasses with high refractive indices.