Used as a binder in investment casting due to its ability to form strong, heat-resistant ceramic shells. Commonly applied in coatings, paints, and varnishes for improved durability, thermal stability, scratch resistance, and corrosion protection. Acts as a reinforcing agent in cement and concrete, enhancing early strength development, durability, and reducing cracking. Employed in the paper industry to improve retention, drainage, fiber strength, and ink adhesion during sheet formation. Utilized in electronics manufacturing as a polishing agent in chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) processes for smooth and precise semiconductor surfaces. Serves as a carrier for catalysts and in the production of silica-based gels and aerogels. Also used in water treatment for flocculation, impurity removal, and as a filtration aid. In personal care products like sunscreens and powders, it provides oil absorption and uniform particle dispersion.