Calcium aluminate is widely used in refractory materials due to its high melting point and excellent resistance to thermal shock and chemical attack. It is a key component in cement formulations designed for high-temperature environments, such as in furnaces, kilns, and incinerators. Its ability to withstand extreme heat and corrosive substances makes it ideal for linings in steel, glass, and cement industries.

In construction, calcium aluminate is used in rapid-hardening cements, especially in applications requiring early strength development and resistance to sulfate and acidic environments. This includes sewage systems, marine structures, and cold-weather concreting where quick setting and durability are critical.

It also finds use in dental materials, where its biocompatibility and setting properties support applications in root canal fillings and pulp capping. Additionally, calcium aluminate acts as a slag conditioner in steelmaking, helping to remove impurities and improve the quality of the final metal product.