Used as a pigment in ceramics and glass due to its stable brown to black coloration at high temperatures. Also employed in the production of specialty coatings with good thermal and chemical resistance. Shows potential in photocatalytic applications for environmental remediation, such as degradation of organic pollutants under visible light. Investigated for use in lithium-ion batteries as a component in electrode materials, offering moderate capacity and improved cycling stability. Its magnetic properties make it suitable for certain types of magnetic recording media and sensors.