Used as a key component in capacitors for electronic devices due to its high dielectric constant, enabling miniaturization and improved performance.

Employed in optical coatings and lenses because of its high refractive index and transparency in the visible and near-infrared range.

Serves as a catalyst or catalyst support in industrial chemical reactions, especially in dehydration and oxidation processes.

Utilized in the production of specialty glasses and ceramics with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties.

Investigated for use in lithium-ion batteries as an anode material due to its ability to intercalate lithium ions efficiently.

Applied in thin-film form for semiconductor and sensor technologies, as well as in photonic materials and thin-film solar cells for its optical absorption and electrical conductivity properties.

Acts as a precursor in the metallurgical production of niobium metal, which is used in high-temperature alloys for gas turbines and nuclear reactors.