Used as a flux in ceramic and glass manufacturing to lower melting temperatures, improve product durability, enhance heat resistance, and reduce shrinkage during firing. Acts as an additive in specialty glasses, such as those for electronics, to increase strength and corrosion resistance. Serves as a stabilizer and electrolyte component in lithium-ion and solid-state batteries, enhancing thermal stability, safety, and efficient lithium-ion transport. Employed in dental cements and bone cements for its biocompatibility and strength. Functions as a corrosion inhibitor in metal surface treatments and protective coatings to improve scratch resistance and chemical durability. Also utilized in analytical chemistry for sample preparation in spectroscopy and elemental analysis.