Used in flow cytometry and cell biology research to maintain cell viability and stability during staining procedures. Helps preserve cell membrane integrity while allowing antibodies or dyes to bind to target markers. Optimized pH and osmolarity reduce non-specific binding and improve staining accuracy. Commonly used in immunophenotyping, apoptosis detection, and surface marker analysis. Compatible with live and fixed cells, making it suitable for both intracellular and extracellular staining workflows.