Widely used for culturing of human and animal cells, especially for cells that require a low glucose environment. Supports the growth of epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and some hybridoma cells. Commonly applied in studies involving cell physiology, toxicology, and virology due to its balanced salt system and pH indicator. The absence of L-glutamine allows for flexible supplementation depending on cell line requirements, making it suitable for customized media formulations. Phenol red acts as a pH indicator, enabling visual monitoring of medium acidity during cell culture. Frequently used in conjunction with added serum or growth factors for optimal cell performance.