Used extensively in cell culture for growing mammalian cells, particularly in research laboratories and biopharmaceutical production. Supports cell growth by providing essential nutrients, energy sources, and pH stability. Glucose serves as the primary energy source, while sodium bicarbonate and HEPES act as buffering systems to maintain optimal pH during incubation. L-Glutamine is critical for protein synthesis and energy metabolism in rapidly dividing cells. Sodium pyruvate supplements energy metabolism and enhances cell growth, especially in low-glucose environments. Phenol red acts as a pH indicator, allowing visual monitoring of medium acidity or alkalinity. Commonly used for culturing sensitive cell lines, including hybridomas, stem cells, and primary cells, where stable pH and nutrient supply are crucial for viability and experimental consistency.