RPMI 1640 Medium is widely used in cell culture applications, particularly for growing mammalian cells. It is a nutrient-rich medium that supports the growth of a variety of cell types, including lymphocytes, hybridomas, and cancer cells. The inclusion of L-glutamine provides an essential energy source for cell metabolism, while phenol red acts as a pH indicator, allowing researchers to monitor the health and condition of the culture. Sodium bicarbonate helps maintain the appropriate pH level in a CO2 incubator. This medium is commonly employed in immunology, cancer research, and drug development studies, where it serves as a reliable environment for cell proliferation, viability, and experimental assays. Its formulation without HEPES makes it suitable for applications where buffering is managed through CO2 regulation.