Alsterpaullone is primarily used in biochemical research as a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). It is particularly valuable in studies focused on understanding cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, as it helps to elucidate the roles of specific CDKs and GSK-3 in these processes. Additionally, it is utilized in cancer research to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent, given its ability to induce cell cycle arrest and promote cell death in certain cancer cell lines. Its application extends to neuroscience, where it is studied for its neuroprotective effects and potential in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.

However, its use remains in the research and laboratory testing stage, requiring further studies to evaluate safety and efficacy for medical applications.