Used as a highly selective ligand in catalytic processes, particularly in transition metal catalysis. Its structure allows for strong coordination to metals like palladium, ruthenium, and iridium, enhancing catalytic efficiency and stability. Commonly applied in C–C coupling reactions such as Suzuki and Heck reactions, where it helps achieve high yields under mild conditions. Also employed in photochemical and electrochemical systems due to its electron-donating properties and thermal stability. Its rigid, symmetrical framework makes it useful in designing supramolecular assemblies and porous materials for gas storage or separation.