Cobalt phosphide is widely used as a catalyst in hydroprocessing reactions, particularly in the desulfurization and denitrogenation of crude oil fractions. It shows high activity and selectivity in hydrodesulfurization (HDS), helping to remove sulfur impurities from fuels, which is essential for meeting environmental regulations. It is also explored as a non-precious metal catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water splitting, offering a cost-effective alternative to platinum-based catalysts. Due to its good electrical conductivity and stability, cobalt phosphide is used in energy storage applications, such as in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, where it serves as an anode material with high capacity and cycling performance. Additionally, it finds use in electrochemical sensors and supercapacitors because of its redox activity and durability in harsh conditions.