Istaroxime is primarily used in the treatment of acute heart failure due to its unique dual mechanism of action. It functions as both a sodium-potassium ATPase inhibitor and a sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase activator. This dual action helps to enhance cardiac contractility while also promoting relaxation of the heart muscle, making it particularly effective in improving systolic and diastolic functions. Its application is especially beneficial in patients who require rapid stabilization of heart function, as it provides a more balanced approach to managing heart failure symptoms. Additionally, istaroxime is being investigated for its potential in reducing hospital readmissions and improving overall outcomes in heart failure patients.