GW791343 dihydrochloride is primarily utilized in pharmacological research due to its role as a potent and selective agonist for the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2), also known as the niacin receptor. This compound is extensively studied for its potential therapeutic effects in metabolic disorders, particularly in managing dyslipidemia. By activating the HCA2 receptor, it mimics the action of niacin, leading to beneficial effects on lipid profiles, such as reducing LDL cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing HDL cholesterol. Additionally, it is investigated for its anti-inflammatory properties, which may have implications in treating conditions like atherosclerosis. Its ability to modulate lipid metabolism and inflammation makes it a valuable tool in developing novel treatments for cardiovascular diseases and related metabolic syndromes.