Used in composite materials to enhance mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. Commonly applied in energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors due to improved electrode performance. Employed in sensors for detecting gases, biomolecules, and environmental pollutants because of high surface area and sensitivity. Utilized in drug delivery systems where functional groups allow for targeted release. Also integrated into conductive inks and coatings for flexible electronics and printed circuits. Shows promise in water purification and filtration technologies by adsorbing contaminants and enabling antimicrobial surfaces.