Used in electronics for creating high-performance transistors and conductive films due to excellent electrical conductivity. Applied in composite materials to enhance strength and reduce weight in aerospace and automotive industries. Employed in energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors to improve charge capacity and transfer. Utilized in sensors for detecting gases, biomolecules, and environmental pollutants with high sensitivity. Explored in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, imaging, and cancer therapy because of their ability to penetrate cells and carry therapeutic agents. Also incorporated into coatings and textiles to provide conductivity, durability, and anti-static properties.