Used in composite materials to enhance mechanical strength and electrical conductivity in aerospace, automotive, and sports equipment. Applied in electronics for conductive films, sensors, and transistors due to their excellent electron transport properties. Employed in energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors to improve electrode performance. Utilized in environmental applications for water filtration and pollutant removal thanks to their high surface area and adsorption capacity. Also explored in biomedical fields for drug delivery, imaging, and tissue engineering, though biocompatibility remains a consideration.