Used to enhance mechanical strength and electrical conductivity in composite materials for aerospace, automotive, and sports equipment. Improves performance of batteries and supercapacitors by serving as conductive additives in electrodes. Applied in coatings and inks to create anti-static, EMI shielding, or conductive layers on flexible electronics and displays. Utilized in sensors due to high surface area and sensitivity to environmental changes. Also explored in water purification and filtration systems for improved contaminant adsorption and membrane durability.