Used in enhancing mechanical strength and electrical conductivity in composite materials for aerospace, automotive, and sports equipment. Applied in conductive coatings and inks for printed electronics, touch screens, and flexible circuits. Utilized in energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors to improve electrode performance. Employed in sensors due to high surface area and sensitivity. Also used in filtration membranes and biomedical applications like drug delivery and imaging when functionalized appropriately.