Used as a reinforcing additive in polymer composites to enhance mechanical strength and thermal stability. Improves conductivity in plastics for antistatic and EMI shielding applications. Employed in filtration membranes due to high surface area and adsorption capacity. Serves as a support material in catalysts for chemical reactions. Applied in energy storage devices like supercapacitors and batteries to increase electrode performance. Utilized in coatings to improve wear resistance and thermal conductivity. Compatible with various matrices due to surface hydroxyl groups that promote dispersion and interfacial bonding. Also applied in chemical sensors due to high surface area and chemical responsiveness.