Used as a reinforcing additive in polymer composites to enhance mechanical strength and thermal stability. Improves conductivity in plastics for antistatic and EMI shielding applications. Employed in filtration membranes due to high surface area and adsorption capacity. Applied in industrial coatings to increase durability, scratch resistance, and thermal conductivity. Serves as a dispersible nanofiller in lubricants and greases to reduce friction and wear. Compatible with cementitious materials to improve structural performance and crack resistance in construction. Frequently utilized in sensor development and energy storage systems due to surface reactivity and electron transfer properties.