Used in polymer composites to enhance mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. Commonly added to plastics, rubbers, and resins for industrial materials that require durability and anti-static properties. Applied in coatings and paints to improve wear resistance and provide electromagnetic interference shielding. Utilized in sensors and electronic devices due to improved electron transfer from carboxyl functionalization. Also employed in filtration systems and energy storage applications such as supercapacitors and batteries, where surface reactivity and conductivity are critical. The carboxyl groups allow for easier dispersion in solvents and better integration with other materials, making it suitable for large-scale industrial processes.