Used in advanced electronics due to excellent electrical conductivity, enabling high-performance transistors and flexible circuits. Applied in composite materials to enhance strength and durability without adding significant weight, ideal for aerospace and automotive industries. Employed in energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors to improve charge capacity and transfer efficiency. Utilized in sensors for detecting gases, biomolecules, and environmental pollutants with high sensitivity. Incorporated into transparent conductive films for touchscreens, solar cells, and displays. Explored in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, imaging, and cancer therapy due to their unique interaction with biological systems.