Used in advanced electronics due to high conductivity and thermal stability, enabling faster and more efficient nanoscale devices. Applied in composite materials to enhance mechanical strength while keeping weight low, ideal for aerospace and automotive industries. Serve as effective components in energy storage systems like batteries and supercapacitors, improving charge capacity and cycling stability. Utilized in sensor development for detecting gases and biological molecules with high sensitivity. Also explored in drug delivery systems and nanofluidic applications due to their unique hollow structure and surface properties.