Used in electronics for conductive coatings and flexible circuits due to high electrical conductivity. Applied in composite materials to enhance strength and durability without adding weight. Employed in energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors to improve charge capacity and transfer. Utilized in sensors for detecting gases, biomolecules, and environmental pollutants with high sensitivity. Also used in biomedical applications such as drug delivery and imaging agents, and in transparent conductive films for touch screens and displays.