Used extensively in electronics for developing high-performance transistors, sensors, and conductive films due to their exceptional electrical conductivity and strength. Applied in energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors, as well as energy conversion applications such as fuel cells and solar panels, to enhance charge capacity, efficiency, and energy conversion performance. Utilized in composite materials to improve mechanical properties, such as strength and durability, in aerospace and automotive industries. Employed in biomedical applications for drug delivery systems and biosensors because of their unique structural and functional properties. Also used in environmental applications for water filtration and pollutant removal due to their high surface area and adsorption capabilities.